The author
of Lisaan al-‘Arab [a famous Arabic-language dictionary – Translator]
said: La’n (curse) means being cast out far from goodness, and it was
said that it means being cast away far from Allaah, and from people.
Cursing
happens in two ways:
Cursing the
kuffaar and sin in general terms, such as saying “May Allaah curse the Jews
and Christians,” or “May Allaah curse the kaafirs, evildoers and
wrongdoers,” or “May Allaah curse the wine-drinker and thief.” This kind of
curse is permissible and there is nothing wrong with it. Ibn Muflih said in
al-Adaab al-Shar’iyyah, 1/203: “It is permissible to curse the
kuffaar in general.”
The second is where the
curse is applied to a specific person, whether he is a kaafir or an
evildoer, such as saying, “May Allaah curse So and so,” mentioning him by
name. This may fall into one of two categories:
1 – Where there is a
text which states that he is cursed, such as Iblees, or where there is a
text which states that he died as a kaafir, such as Pharaoh, Abu Lahab and
Abu Jahl. Cursing such persons is permitted.
Ibn Muflih
said in al-Adaab al-Shar’iyyah, 1/214: “It is permissible to curse
those concerning whom there is a text stating that they are cursed, but
there is no sin involved if one does not do this.”
2 – Cursing
a particular kaafir or evildoer concerning whom there is no text stating
that they are cursed – such as wine-drinkers, those who offer sacrifices to
anything other than Allaah, the one who curses his parents, those who
introduce innovations in religion, and so on.
“The
scholars differed as to whether it is permissible to curse these people, and
there are three points of view:
(i)
That it is not permissible
under any circumstances
(ii)
That it is permissible in the
case of a kaafir but not of a (Muslim) evildoer
(iii)
That it is permissible in all
cases.”
Al-Adaab
al_Shar’iyyah by Ibn Muflih, 1/303
Those who
say that it is not permissible quoted a number of texts as evidence,
including the following:
1 – The
report narrated by al-Bukhaari (4070) from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Umar, that he
heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him), when he raised his head from rukoo’ in the final rak’ah of Fajr prayer
and said: “O Allaah, curse So and so, and So and so, and So and so,” after
he had said, “Sami’a Allaahu li man hamdih, Rabbana wa laka’l-hamd.” Then
Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning):
“Not for
you (O Muhammad, but for Allaah) is the decision; whether He turns in mercy
to (pardons) them or punishes them; verily, they are the Zaalimoon
(polytheists, disobedients and wrongdoers)”
[Aal
‘Imraan 3:128]
2 – The report narrated
by al-Bukhaari (6780) from ‘Umar, that there was a man at the time of the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) whose
name was ‘Abd-Allaah, but his nickname was Himaar (donkey), and he used to
make the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) laugh. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had
had him flogged for drinking, then he was brought one day and he commanded
that he be flogged, and a man who was there said, “O Allaah, curse him, how
often he is brought [for this reason]!” But the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not curse him, for by Allaah what
I a know about him is that he loves Allaah and His Messenger.”
Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 6/511.
It is
permissible to curse all those whom Allaah and His Messenger have cursed,
but as for cursing specific people, if it is known that the person died in
kufr, then it is permissible to curse him. But with regard to a specific
[Muslim] evildoer, we should not curse him, because the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade cursing ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Himaar
who used to drink wine, even though he had cursed the wine-drinkers in
general; however cursing a specific person if he is an evildoer or promoter
of bid’ah is a point of dispute among the scholars.
And Shaykh
Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in al-Qawl al-Mufeed, 1/226.
The difference between
cursing a specific person and cursing those who commit sin in general is
that the former (cursing a specific person) is not allowed, and the latter
(cursing the people who commit sin in general) is allowed. So if you see an
innovator, you do not say, ‘May Allaah curse you,’ rather say, ‘May the
curse of Allaah be upon those who introduce innovations,’ in general terms.
The evidence for that is the fact that when the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) cursed some people among the mushrikeen and
followers of jaahiliyyah and said: “O Allaah, curse So and so, and So and
so, and So and so,” he was told not to do that when Allaah said
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Not for
you (O Muhammad, but for Allaah) is the decision; whether He turns in mercy
to (pardons) them or punishes them; verily, they are the Zaalimoon
(polytheists, disobedients and wrongdoers)”
[Aal
‘Imraan 3:128]
This was narrated by al-Bukhaari.
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